देश गाइड
भारत के साँप
मिलियन डेथ स्टडी के अनुमान के अनुसार 2000 से 2019 के बीच भारत में साँप काटने से लगभग 12 लाख मौतें हुईं, जिनमें से ज़्यादातर ग्रामीण इलाकों में घर पर हुईं। भारत का पॉलीवैलेंट एंटीवेनम 'बिग फ़ोर' के विष से बनाया जाता है: नाग, करैत, घोड़ा पछाड़ (रसेल वाइपर) और अफ़ई (सॉ-स्केल्ड वाइपर), हालाँकि कुछ क्षेत्रों में दूसरी प्रजातियाँ भी महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
अंग्रेज़ी से अनुवादित। किसी मूल हिंदी भाषी ने अभी इस अनुवाद की समीक्षा नहीं की है; अंग्रेज़ी पेज ही मूल संदर्भ है। अंग्रेज़ी पेज पढ़ें
~58,000
साँप काटने से हर साल मौतें (2000–2019 का औसत)1
1 in 250
70 साल की उम्र से पहले किसी भारतीय के साँप काटने से मरने का जोखिम1
> 25%
साँप काटने से हुई मौतों में 15 साल से छोटे बच्चे1
अगर किसी को साँप ने काटा है
अभी कॉल करें। फिर अस्पताल जाएँ।
एंटीवेनम अस्पताल में दिया जाता है। लक्षणों का इंतज़ार न करें।
भारतीय पॉलीवैलेंट एंटीवेनम 'बिग फ़ोर' के विष से बनाया जाता है और कुछ क्षेत्रीय प्रजातियों के विष को निष्क्रिय नहीं कर पाता, जैसे पूर्वोत्तर का मोनोसेल नाग और दक्षिण-पश्चिम का हम्प-नोज़्ड पिट वाइपर।
इंडोनेशिया
ऑस्ट्रेलिया
केन्या
दक्षिण अफ़्रीका
नाइजीरिया
नेपाल
पाकिस्तान
फ़िलिपींस
बांग्लादेश
ब्राज़ील
भारत
मैक्सिको
श्रीलंका
संयुक्त राज्य
आपका देश सूची में नहीं है? अपने स्थानीय आपातकालीन नंबर पर कॉल करें।
पहले विषैले साँप
इन साँपों से दूर रहें
अहिराज
Bungarus fasciatus
पूर्वी दक्षिण एशिया से दक्षिण-पूर्व एशिया और दक्षिणी चीन तक
चिकित्सकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण
करैत
Bungarus caeruleus
दक्षिण एशिया
चिकित्सकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण
हंप-नोज़्ड वाइपर
Hypnale hypnale
श्रीलंका और दक्षिण-पश्चिमी भारत
चिकित्सकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण
नाग
Naja naja
दक्षिण एशिया
चिकित्सकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण
राजनाग
Ophiophagus hannah
भारत से इंडोचाइना तक
चिकित्सकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण
मोनोसेल नाग
Naja kaouthia
पूर्वी दक्षिण एशिया और दक्षिण-पूर्व एशिया
चिकित्सकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण
घोड़ा पछाड़
Daboia russelii
दक्षिण एशिया
चिकित्सकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण
अफ़ई
Echis carinatus
भारत से अरब तक
चिकित्सकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण
लोगों के लिए हानिरहित
ये साँप आपको नुकसान नहीं पहुँचाएँगे
पकड़ने पर ये भी काट सकते हैं। हर साँप से दूरी बनाए रखें।
सभी प्रजातियाँ
भारत में दर्ज सभी 336 साँप प्रजातियाँ
अभी तक 13 की पूरी जानकारी उपलब्ध है। बाकी प्रजातियाँ उनके कुल (फ़ैमिली) के अनुसार दी गई हैं, और जब तक उनकी स्रोत-सहित पूरी जानकारी नहीं बनती, उनके विष की स्थिति नहीं बताई गई है।
Colubridae166
- Ahaetulla borealisNorthern Vine Snake
- Ahaetulla disparIndian Bronzeback
- Ahaetulla farnsworthiFarnsworth's Vine Snake
- Ahaetulla flavescensYellow whip snake
- Ahaetulla isabellinaWall's Vine Snake
- Ahaetulla laudankiaLaudankia vine snake
- Ahaetulla longirostrisLong-snouted vine snake
- Ahaetulla malabaricaMalabar Vine Snake
- Ahaetulla oxyrhyncaSlender-nosed Vine Snake
- Ahaetulla perrotetiWestern Ghats Bronzeback
- Ahaetulla sahyadrensisSahyadri Vine Snake
- Ahaetulla travancoricaTravancore Vine Snake
- Amphiesma monticolaJerdon’s grass snake
- Anguiculus dicaprioiDiCaprio’s Himalayan snake
- Anguiculus rappiiHimalayan stripe-necked snake
- Archelaphe bellaBella Rat Snake
- Atretium schistosumOlive keelback wart snake
- Boiga andamanensisAndaman Cat Snake
- Boiga beddomeiBeddome's Cat Snake
- Boiga cyaneaGreen Cat Snake
- Boiga dightoniPirmad Cat Snake
- Boiga flaviviridisYellow-green cat snake
- Boiga forsteniForsten's Cat Snake
- Boiga gocoolArrowback Tree Snake
- Boiga multifasciataMany-banded Tree Snake
- Boiga nuchalisCollared Catsnake
- Boiga quincunciataAssamese Cat Snake
- Boiga siamensisGray Cat Snake
- Boiga stoliczkaeTawny Cat Snake
- Boiga thackerayiThackeray’s Cat Snake
- Boiga trigonataCommon Cat Snake
- Boiga wallachiNicobar Cat Snake
- Boiga westermanniIndian Egg-eating Snake
- Calamaria garoensisGaro Hills Reed Snake
- Calamaria mizoramensis
- Calamaria pavimentataCollared Reed Snake
- Chrysopelea ornataGolden Flying Snake
- Chrysopelea taprobanicaIndian Flying Snake
- Coelognathus helenaTrinket Snake
- Dendrelaphis andamanensisAndaman Bronze-back
- Dendrelaphis ashokiAshok’s bronzeback tree snake
- Dendrelaphis bifrenalisBoulenger's Bronzeback
- Dendrelaphis biloreatusGore's Bronzeback
- Dendrelaphis chairecacosWestern Ghats Bronze back
- Dendrelaphis cyanochlorisWall's Bronzeback
- Dendrelaphis giriiGiri’s bronzeback
- Dendrelaphis grandoculisLarge-eyed Bronzeback
- Dendrelaphis humayuniTiwar's Bronzeback
- Dendrelaphis proarchos
- Dendrelaphis tristisCommon Indian Bronze-back
- Elaphe cantorisEastern Trinket Snake
- Elaphe hodgsoniiEnglish common name not available
- Elaphe taeniura
- Euprepiophis mandarinusMandarin Ratsnakes
- Fowlea piscatorCheckered Keelback
- Fowlea sanctijohannisSt. John's Keelback
- Fowlea schnurrenbergeriBar-necked Keelback
- Fowlea tytleriTytler’s Keelback
- Gongylosoma calamariaCalamaria Reed Snake
- Gongylosoma frenataGünther's Reed Snake
- Gongylosoma nicobariensis
- Gongylosoma scriptumCommon Ringneck
- Gonyosoma frenatumKhasi Hills Trinket snake
- Gonyosoma prasinumGreen Ratsnake
- Hebius clerkiYunnan Keelback
- Hebius gilhodesiKachin hills keelback
- Hebius khasiensisKhasi Hills Keelback
- Hebius lacrimaCrying Keelback
- Hebius modestusModest Keelback
- Hebius parallelusYunnan Keelback
- Hebius taronensisTaron Keelback
- Hebius venningiChin Hills Keelback
- Herpetoreas davidiRakhine Keelback
- Herpetoreas murlenMurlen Keelback Snake
- Herpetoreas pealiiPeal’s Keelback
- Herpetoreas platycepsHimalayan Keelback
- Herpetoreas sieboldiiSiebold’s Keelback
- Herpetoreas xenuraWall's Keelback
- Liopeltis stoliczkaeStoliczka's Smooth Snake
- Lycodon aulicusCommon Wolf Snake
- Lycodon bicolorMackinnon's Wolf Snake
- Lycodon deccanensisDeccan Wolf Snake
- Lycodon fasciatusBanded Wolf Snake
- Lycodon fasciolatusRussell´s wolfsnake
- Lycodon flavicollisYellow-collared wolf snake
- Lycodon flavomaculatusYellow-spotted Wolf Snake
- Lycodon gammieiGammie's Wolf Snake
- Lycodon gracilisScarce Bridal Snake
- Lycodon hypsirhinoidesAndaman wolf snake
- Lycodon irwiniIrwin’s Wolf Snake
- Lycodon jaraTwin-spotted Wolf Snake
- Lycodon laoensisLaotian Wolf Snake
- Lycodon nymphaVellore Bridal Snake
- Lycodon septentrionalisNorthern Large-toothed Snake
- Lycodon striatusBarred Wolf Snake
- Lycodon tiwariiAndaman Wolf Snake
- Lycodon travancoricusTravancore Wolf Snake
- Lycodon zawiZaw's Wolf Snake
- Lytorhynchus paradoxusSind Longnose Sand Snake
- Oligodon affinisKukri Snake
- Oligodon arnensisCommon kukri snake
- Oligodon brevicaudaShorthead Kukri Snake
- Oligodon catenatusAssam Kukri Snake
- Oligodon cinereusAshy Kukri Snake
- Oligodon cyclurusCantor's Kukri Snake
- Oligodon dorsalisGray's Kukri Snake
- Oligodon erythrogasterNagarkot Kukri Snake
- Oligodon erythrorhachisNamsang Kukri Snake
- Oligodon juglandiferWalnut Kukri Snake
- Oligodon melaneusBluebelly Kukri Snake
- Oligodon melanozonatusAbor Hills Kukri Snake
- Oligodon nikhiliNikhil's Kukri Snake
- Oligodon russelius
- Oligodon taeniolatusStreaked Kukuri Snake
- Oligodon theobaldiTheobald's Kukri Snake
- Oligodon tillackiTillack’s Kukri Snakes
- Oligodon travancoricusTravancore Kukri Snake
- Oligodon venustus
- Oligodon violaceusCoral red kukri snake
- Oligodon woodmasoniYellow -striped Kukri Snake
- Oreocryptophis porphyraceusBlack-banded Trinket Snake
- Platyceps bholanathiSharma's Racer
- Platyceps gracilisGraceful Racer
- Platyceps josephiJoseph’s racer
- Platyceps ladacensisLadakh Racer
- Platyceps pliniiBanded Racer
- Platyceps vittacaudatusDarjeeling racer
- Proahaetulla antiquaKeeled vine snake
- Pseudoxenodon macrops(Large-eyed or) Big-eyed Bamboo Snake
- Ptyas doriaeDoria's Green Snake
- Ptyas nigromarginataBlack-bordered Rat Snake
- Rhabdophis bindiBindee keelback snake
- Rhabdophis helleriHeller’s Red-necked Keelback
- Rhabdophis himalayanusOrange-collared Keelback
- Rhabdophis nuchalisHubei Keelback
- Rhabdophis plumbicolorGreen Keelback
- Rhabdops aquaticusWater Rhabdops
- Rhabdops olivaceusOlivaceous Smooth Snake
- Sahyadriophis beddomeiNilgiri Keelback
- Sahyadriophis uttaraghati
- Sibynophis bistrigatusGünther's Many-tooth Snake
- Sibynophis collarisCommon Many-tooth Snake
- Sibynophis sagittariusCantor’s black-headed snake
- Sibynophis subpunctatus(Duméril’s) Black-headed snake
- Smithophis arunachalensisArunachal Rain Snake
- Smithophis atemporalisNarrow-headed smithophis
- Smithophis bicolorBrown Trapezoid Snake
- Smithophis leptofasciatusnarrow-banded rain snake
- Smithophis mizoramensis
- Spalerosophis arenariusRed-spotted Diadem Snake
- Spalerosophis atricepsRoyal Snake
- Spalerosophis diademaDiadem Snake
- Trachischium apteiiApte’s slender snake
- Trachischium fuscumBlackbelly Worm-eating Snake
- Trachischium guentheriRosebelly Worm-eating Snake
- Trachischium hmuifangMizoram Ground Snake
- Trachischium laeveOlive Oriental Slender Snake
- Trachischium monticolaMountain Worm-eating Snake
- Trachischium reticulataBlyth's Reticulated Snake
- Trachischium sushantaiSushanta’s Worm-eating Snake
- Trachischium tenuicepsYellowbelly Worm-eating Snake
- Trimerodytes percarinatusOlive Keelback
- Trimerodytes yunnanensisYunnan Water Snake
- Wallaceophis gujaratensisWallace’s striped snake/ Wallace’s racer
- Wallophis brachyuraIndian Smooth Snake
- Xenochrophis cerasogasterPainted Keelback
Uropeltidae54
- Melanophidium bilineatumTwo-lined Black Earth Snake
- Melanophidium khaireiKhaire's Earth Snake
- Melanophidium punctatumBeddome's Black Earth Snake
- Melanophidium wynaudenseWayanad shieldtail
- Platyplectrurus madurensisTravancore Hills Thorntail Snake
- Platyplectrurus trilineatusLined Thorntail Snake
- Plectrurus aureusKerala Burrowing Snake
- Plectrurus guentheriGünther's Burrowing Snake
- Plectrurus perrotetiPerrotet’s Shieldtail
- Pseudoplectrurus canaricusKarnataka Burrowing Snake
- Rhinophis fergusonianusCardamom Hills Earth Snake
- Rhinophis goweriGower's earth snake
- Rhinophis karinthandaniKarinthandan Earth Snake
- Rhinophis melanoleucusWayanad Earth Snake
- Rhinophis sanguineusSalty Earth Snake
- Rhinophis siruvaniensis
- Rhinophis travancoricusTamil Nadu Earth Snake
- Teretrurus agumbensis
- Teretrurus albiventer
- Teretrurus hewstoniHewston's Earth Snake
- Teretrurus periyarensis
- Teretrurus rhodogasterPalni Mountain Burrowing Snake
- Teretrurus sanguineusPurple-red Earth Snake
- Teretrurus siruvaniensis
- Teretrurus travancoricusTravancore Earth Snake
- Uropeltis arcticepsTirunelveli Earth Snake
- Uropeltis beddomiiBeddome's Earth Snake
- Uropeltis bhupathyiBhupathy’s uropeltis or Bhupathy’s shieldtail
- Uropeltis bicatenataTwo-chained Uropeltis
- Uropeltis broughamiBrougham's Earth Snake
- Uropeltis caudomaculataTailspot uropeltis
- Uropeltis ceylanicaCeylon Earth Snake
- Uropeltis dindigalensisSirumalai Hills Earth Snake
- Uropeltis elliotiElliot's Earth Snake
- Uropeltis grandisSmith's Earth Snake
- Uropeltis guentheriMadura Shieldtail
- Uropeltis jerdoniJerdon’s Shieldtail Snake
- Uropeltis liuraGünther's Earth Snake
- Uropeltis macrolepisBombay Earth Snake
- Uropeltis macrorhynchaAnamally Earth Snake
- Uropeltis maculataSpotted Earth Snake
- Uropeltis madurensisMadura Earth Snake
- Uropeltis myhendraeBoulenger's Earth Snake
- Uropeltis nitidaSouthern Earth Snake
- Uropeltis ocellataOcellate Shieldtail
- Uropeltis petersiShieldtail Earth Snake
- Uropeltis phipsoniiPhipson's Shieldtail
- Uropeltis pulneyensisIndian Earth Snake
- Uropeltis rajendraniRajendran’s Shieldtail snake
- Uropeltis rubrolineataRed-lined Earth Snake
- Uropeltis rubromaculataRed-spotted Earth Snake
- Uropeltis shorttiiShevaroy HilIs Earth Snake
- Uropeltis tricuspidaThree-cusped shieldtail
- Uropeltis woodmasoniWoodmason's Earth Snake
Elapidae37
- Bungarus andamanensisSouth Andaman Krait
- Bungarus bungaroidesNortheastern Hill Krait
- Bungarus caeruleusCommon krait
- Bungarus lividusLesser Black Krait
- Bungarus nigerGreater Black Krait
- Bungarus sindanusSind Krait
- Bungarus suzhenaeSuzhen’s krait
- Bungarus walliSind Krait
- Calliophis beddomeiBeddome’s coral snake
- Calliophis bibroniBibron's Coral Snake
- Calliophis castoeCastoe’s coralsnake
- Calliophis melanurusIndian Coral Snake
- Calliophis nigrescensBlack Coral Snake
- Hydrophis caerulescensDwarf Seasnake
- Hydrophis cyanocinctusAnnulated Sea Snake
- Hydrophis fasciatusStriped Sea Snake
- Hydrophis jerdoniiSaddle-backed sea snake
- Hydrophis mamillarisBombay Sea Snake
- Hydrophis nigrocinctusBlack-banded sea snake
- Hydrophis obscurusRussel's Sea Snake
- Hydrophis ornatusOrnate Reef seasnake
- Hydrophis platurusPelagic Sea Snake
- Hydrophis spiralisYellow Sea Snake
- Hydrophis stricticollisCollared Sea Snake
- Hydrophis viperinusViperine Sea Snake
- Laticauda colubrinaYellow-lipped sea krait
- Laticauda laticaudataBlue-banded Sea Krait
- Microcephalophis cantorisCantor’s narrow –headed sea snake
- Microcephalophis graciliscommon small-headed sea snake
- Naja kaouthiaMonocellate Cibra
- Naja najaSpectacled cobra
- Naja oxianaCentral Asian Cobra
- Naja sagittiferaAndaman Cobra
- Ophiophagus hannahKing Cobra
- Ophiophagus kaalingaWestern Ghats king cobra
- Sinomicrurus goreiGore’s coral snake
- Sinomicrurus macclellandiMacClelland’s Coral Snake
Viperidae35
- Craspedocephalus anamallensisMalabarian Pit Viper
- Craspedocephalus gramineusCommon Bamboo Viper
- Craspedocephalus macrolepisLarge-scaled Pit Viper
- Craspedocephalus malabaricusMalabarian Pit Viper
- Craspedocephalus occidentalisSouthern Bamboo Pit Viper
- Craspedocephalus peltopelorAgasthyamali large-scaled Pit Viper
- Craspedocephalus strigatusHorseshoe (pit-) viper
- Craspedocephalus travancoricusTravancore Pit Viper
- Daboia russeliiRussell’s Viper
- Echis carinatusSaw-scaled Viper
- Gloydius chambensisChamba Pitviper
- Hypnale hypnalehump-nosed pit viper
- Macrovipera lebetinusLevantine Viper
- Ovophis jenkinsiJenkins’ mountain pitviper
- Ovophis monticola
- Ovophis zayuensisZayuan mountain pitviper
- Protobothrops himalayanus
- Protobothrops jerdonii
- Protobothrops kaulbackiKaulback’s lance-headed pitviper
- Protobothrops mucrosquamatusBrown spotted pitviper
- Trimeresurus andersoniiAndaman pitviper
- Trimeresurus arunachalensisArunachal pitviper
- Trimeresurus cantoriCantor's Pit Viper
- Trimeresurus davidiDavid's pitviper
- Trimeresurus erythrurusRedtail (bamboo) Pit Viper
- Trimeresurus labialisIsland Pit Viper
- Trimeresurus mayaaeMaya’s pit viper
- Trimeresurus medoensisGreen Bamboo Leaf Pit Viper
- Trimeresurus mutabilisCentral Nicobar bamboo pitviper
- Trimeresurus popeiorumPope's Bamboo Pit Viper
- Trimeresurus salazarSalazar’s pit viper
- Trimeresurus septentrionalisHimalayan White-lipped Pitviper
- Trimeresurus uetziUetz’ pit viper
- Trimeresurus yunnanensisYunnan Bamboo pitviper
- Tropidolaemus huttoniHutton’s pitviper
Typhlopidae12
- Argyrophis bothriorhynchusGünther’s blind snake
- Argyrophis diardiiDiard’s blindsnake
- Argyrophis oatesiiAndaman Island Worm Snake
- Grypotyphlops acutusBeaked Blind Snake
- Indotyphlops fletcheriFletcher's Worm Snake
- Indotyphlops jerdoniJerdon's Worm Snake
- Indotyphlops loveridgeiLoveridge's Worm Snake
- Indotyphlops meszoelyiDarjeeling worm snake
- Indotyphlops pammecesSouth India Worm Snake
- Indotyphlops tenuicollisSamagutin Worm Snake
- Pseudoindotyphlops exiguusBelgaum Worm Snake
- Pseudoindotyphlops porrectusSlender Worm Snake
Pareidae10
- Pareas andersoniiAnderson’s Slug Snake
- Pareas kaduri
- Pareas modestus
- Pareas monticolaCommon Slug Snake
- Xylophis captainiCaptain’s Xylophis
- Xylophis chenkaruppan
- Xylophis deepakiDeepak’s wood snake
- Xylophis mosaicusAnamalai wood snake
- Xylophis perrotetiPerrotet's Mountain Snake
- Xylophis stenorhynchusGünther's Mountain Snake
Gerrhopilidae5
- Gerrhopilus andamanensisAndaman Worm Snake
- Gerrhopilus beddomiiBeddome's Worm Snake
- Gerrhopilus oligolepisFew-scaled Worm Snake
- Gerrhopilus thurstoniThurston's Worm Snake
- Gerrhopilus tindalliNilgiri Hills Worm Snake
Homalopsidae5
- Cerberus rynchopsNew Guinea bockadam
- Dieurostus dussumieriKerala Mud Snake
- Ferania sieboldiiSiebold’s Mud Snake
- Gerarda prevostianaGerard's Water Snake
- Hypsiscopus plumbeusPlumbeous water snake
Psammophiidae4
- Psammophis condanarusSand Snake
- Psammophis leithiiPakistan Sand Racer
- Psammophis longifronsStocky Sand Snake
- Psammophis schokariForskal Sand Snake
Boidae3
- Eryx conicusCommon Sand Boa
- Eryx sistanensisSistan Sand Boa
- Eryx whitakeriWhitaker’s sand boa
Pythonidae2
- Python bivittatusBurmese Python
- Python molurusIndian Rock Python
Xenodermidae2
- Stoliczkia khasiensisKhasi Earth Snake
- Stoliczkia vanhnuailianaiLushai hills dragon snake (English)
Leptotyphlopidae1
- Myriopholis blanfordiiSindh Thread Snake
स्रोत: Uetz, P. et al. (eds.), The Reptile Database, version 2026-06, via the Catalogue of Life (COL26.9). CC BY 4.0. स्रोत में दिए गए फैलाव क्षेत्र अधूरे हो सकते हैं।
संदर्भ
- 1
Suraweera W, Warrell D, Whitaker R, et al. Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study. eLife. 2020;9:e54076. elifesciences.org
- 2
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. Guidelines for the management of snakebites, 2nd edition. 2016. who.int